Beauty Therapy The Foundations-The Official Guide to Level 2 NVQ, 6th Edition (PDF)

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Details

Edition 2014
Pages: 618
Authors: Lorraine Nordmann
Publisher: Cengage Learning EMEA
Language: English

Size: 32 Mb

Content

Foreword

About the author

Acknowledgements

Credit list

About the book

About the website

1 Introduction

What is a NVQ? 4

Qualification structure and requirements 4

Units and outcomes 5

Performance criteria - what you must do s

Range - what you must cover 6

Knowledge and understanding s

Portfolio evidence s

Career opportunities when qualified 7

Employment opportunities 8

Progression opportunities 9

Industry role models

2 Anatomy and physiology

Anatomy and physiology knowledge and understanding

requirements 20

Anatomical terminology 21

The skin 21

Skin gender differences 21

Skin age differences 22

Cells 22

Tissues 23

Functions of the skin 24

Protection 24

Heat regulation 24

Absorption 25

Secretion 25

Sensation 25

Excretion 26

Nutrition 2s

The structure of the skin 26

The epidermis 26

The layers and zones of the epidermis 27

The dermis 29

Skin appendages 33

Subcutaneous layer

Hair

The structure of hair 36

Types of hair 36

The parts of the hair and related skin 37

Hair growth 39

The nails 42

The structure and function of the nail 42

Nail growth 45

The nervous system 45

The central nervous system 4s

NSNGS 46

Nerve impulses 47

The autonomic nervous system 46

The muscular system 49

Facial muscles 50

The muscles of the hand and arm 56

The muscles of the foot and lower leg 57

The bones 59

Bones of the head, neck, chest and shoulders 60

Bones of the hand and arm 62

The bones of the foot and lower leg 63

The main constituents of blood 65

Blood circulation 66

The arteries of the arm and hand 68

The arteries of the foot and leg 66

The lymphatic system 70

Lymph 70

Lymph vessels 70

Lymph nodes 70

Location of groups of lymph nodes

3 Health and Safety

Unit Topic 79

Legislation 80

The Health and Safely at Work Act (7974) (HASAWA) 81

Hazards and risks 82

The Management of Health and Safety at Work

Regulations (1999) 83

The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work

Regulations (2002) 83

The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations

(1992) 84

Manual Handling Operations Regulations (1992) 85

Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations

(PUWER) (1998) 86

Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment)

Regulations (7992) 87

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)

Regulations (2002) 87

Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations (2008) 89

Electricity at Work Regulations (7989) 89

Accidents 90

Reporting of injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) (1995) 90

First aid 91

Disposal of waste 93

Fire 93

Other emergencies 96

insurance 97

Persons! health, hygiene and presentation 97

Suggestions for personal presentation 98

Genera/ rules for employees 98

Ethics go

Diet, exercise and sleep 100

Posture 100

Personal hygiene 101

Hygiene and infection control in the workplace 104

Skin diseases and disorders 107

Bacterial infections 10s

Viral infections 110

infestations 112

Fungal diseases 114

Setaceous gland disorders 115

Pigmentation disorders 118

Vascular (circulatory) disorders 120

Cellular naevi or moles 122

Skin disorders involving abnormal cellular growth

Malignant tumours 126

Skin allergies

4 Selling Skills

Unit Topic 133

The importance of product or services promotion 134

Features and benefits 137

Selling products 138

Product suitability 136

Techniques in selling 139

Staff training 139

Methods of promoting products and services 140

The range of products 143

Consumer protection legislation 143

Consumer Protection Act (7987) 143

Consumer Safety Act (1978) 144

Prices Act (1974) 144

Trade Descriptions Acts (7968 and 1972) 144

Resale Prices Acts (1964 and 1976) 144

Sale and Supply of Goods Act (1994) 144

Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations (2004) 144

Data Protection Act (DPA) (7998) 145

Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations(2000) 145

The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) (1996) 145

Equal opportunities policy 146

Professional codes of practice 146

insurance 146

Informing clients about additional products or services 146

Use good communication techniques 147

Promotions 149

Demonstration 150

Client suitability 151

Targets 151

Productivity 151

Gaining client feedback 152

5 Professional Development

Unit Topic 155

Personal performance at work 156

Example: Beauty therapy code of conduct

requirements 157

Job roles and responsibilities 156

Client care 160

Communication skills 161

Avoiding client dissatisfaction 163

Complaints 164

Dealing with client dissatisfaction or complaint 165

Improving your performance 166

Setting targets

Personal effectiveness against targets set 169

Being positive about non-positive feedback 169

Developing confidence and experience within

the job role 170

Effective teamwork 170

Punctuality 172

Working under pressure 172

Absence from work 172

Grievarices

6 Reception

Unit Topic 179

First impressions 180

Reception area 181

Data Protection Act (DPA) (1998) 184

The receptionist duties 184

The importance of good communication 188

Telephone communication 188

Transferring calls 189

Taking messages 189

Listening skills 190

Dealing with a dissatisfied client or complaint 191

Appointments 191

Bookings 191

Dealing with appointment problems 195

The payment point 196

Types of payment points 198

Equipment and materials required 197

Security at the payment point 198

Methods of payment 199

Loyalty cards

7 Facials

Unit Topic 205

Caring for the skin 206

Threats to the skin 210

Internal 210

External 211

Skincare services 214

Skin types 214

Basic types 215

Additional skin conditions 218

The sex of the client 220

The age of the skin 220

Differences in skin 221

Preparing the work area for facial service 225

Tools and equipment 225

Client care, consultation and communication 227

Reception requirements 227

Client arrival

Consultation 228

Contra-indications 232

Preparing the client 233

Cleansing 234

Cleansing preparations 234

Cleansing service 238

Toning 243

Toning preparations 243

Application 245

Blotting the skin 24s

Moisturizing 246

Moisturizers for daytime use 247

Moisturizers for night-time use 249

Specialist skin service products 249

Contra-indications 251

Advice on home use 253

Warming the skin 254

Removing skin blockages - extraction 257

Tools and equipment 258

Sterilization and disinfection 258

Service application 259

Mask service 281

Setting masks 281

Non-setting masks 283

Contra-indications

Tools and equipment 285

Mask service 285

Facial massage 288

Reception 269

Massage manipulations 289

Tools and equipment 271

After the massage 277

Advice on home care 277

Specialist facial service 277

Aftercare

8 Eyebrows and Lashes 282

Unit Topic 283

Eyebrow shaping 284

Preparing the work area tor eyebrow shaping 284

Tools and equipment 285

Specialist tools and equipment 285

Setting up the work area 286

Sterilization and disinfection 287

Client care, consultation and communication 287

Reception requirements 287

Client arrival 287

Consultation 288

Choosing an eyebrow shape 289

How to measure the eyebrows to decide length 291

Contra-indications

Contra-actions 295

Aftercare advice 298

Permanent eyebrow and eyelash tinting 299

The development of co/our 300

Preparing the work area for permanent tinting 300

Tools and equipment 300

Setting up the work area 301

Sterilization and disinfection 301

Reception requirements 302

Skin sensitivity (patch) test 303

Client care, consultation and communication skills 303

Contra-indications 304

Contra-actions 305

Tint the eyebrows and lashes 305

Tinting the eyelashes 303

Tinting the eyebrows 308

Aftercare advice 310

Artificial eyelashes 311

Preparing the work area for artificial eyelashes 312

Tools and equipment 312

Setting up the work area 312

Sterilization and disinfection 313

Reception requirements 313

Client care, consultation and communication skills 314

Contra-indications 316

Contra-actions 317

Preparing the client 317

Applying individual flare lashes 317

Applying strip lashes 319

How to remove individual eyelashes 321

How to remove strip lashes 322

How to recur strip lashes 323

Aftercare advice 323

9 Make-up

Unit Topic 329

Make-up services 330

Preparing the work area for make-up services 331

Tools and equipment 332

Specialist tools and equipment 333

Sterilization and disinfection 336

Client care, consultation and communication 337

Reception requirements 337

Client arrival 338

Consultation 339

Contra-indications 340

Contra-actions 342

Preparing the client 342

Applying make-up products 345

The make-up sequence 345

Age of the client 346

Concealer 34

Concealing blemishes 347

Applying concealer to blemishes 348

How to apply concealer to disguise skin pigmentation

disorders 349

Foundation 351

Types of foundation 352

Foundation colour 355

Applying foundation 357

Contouring 358

Contour cosmetics 358

How to apply powder blushers 359

How to apply cream blushers 360

How to apply liquid blushers 360

Face shapes 360

Features 362

Face powder 363

Types of face powder 363

How to apply powder 364

Bronzing products 365

Types of bronzing product 365

The eyes 365

Eyeshadow 365

How to apply eyeshadow 366

Eyeliner 367

Eyebrow colour

Mascara 369

Eye make-up for the client who wears glasses 371

How to apply corrective eye make-up 371

The eyelashes 373

The lips 374

Lip liner 374

Lipstick 374

Lip gloss 375

Lip stain 375

Lip balm 375

How to apply corrective lip make-up 375

How to apply lipstick 376

Finishing the service 378

Aftercare advice 378

The client's needs 379

Day make-up 379

Evening make-up 380

Special occasion make-up 380

Photographic make-up 380

Make-up to suit skin and hair colouring 381

Make-up for the mature skin

10 Instruction in Skincare

and Make-up 390

Unit Topic 391

Make-up instruction

Preparing the work area for instruction in skincare and

make-up 392

Tools and equipment 393

Sterilization and disinfection 393

Client care, consultation and communication 394

Reception requirements 394

Consultation 394

Communication skills 396

Contra-indications and contra-actions 396

Preparing the client 397

instruction and application of skincare and make-up 398

Use of diagrams 399

Verbal explanation 399

Use of written instructions 400

Deliver II/lake-Up instruction: Step-By-Steps 401

Evaluating the instruction provided

11 Manicure 408

Unit Topic: 409

Preparing the work area for manicure 410

Tools and equipment 413

Sterilization and disinfection 416

Client care, consultation and communication 417

Reception requirements 417

Consultation 416

Skin and nail disorders of the hands 419

Service plan 426

Preparing the client 427

Fifing 431

Buffing 433

Cuticle work 434

Hand and nail services 435

Warm-oil service 435

Exfoliating service 435

Hand service mask 436

Paraffin wax service 436

Thermal mitts 437

Hand and forearm massage 4ss

Nail polish application 442

Styles of polish application 442

Manicure for a male client 446

Aftercare 446

Exercises for the hands 449

12 Pedicure

Unit Topic 455

Preparing the work area for pedicure 457

Tools arid equipment 458

Sterilization and disinfection 460

Client care, consultation and communication skills

Reception requirements 460

Consultation 461

Service plan 461

Skin and nail disorders of the feet 462

Preparing the client 466

Cutting and filing toenails 469

Removing hard skin 470

Foot and nail services 471

Foot and lower leg massage 474

Nail polish application 476

Aftercare advice

13 Wax Depilation

Unit Topic 48:3

Hair removal methods 484

Other methods of hair removal 488

Permanent methods of hair removal 488

Hair regrowth following temporary methods of hair

removal 488

Preparing the work area for wax depilation 489

Tools and equipment 489

Types of wax 490

Basic equipment 491

Sterilization and disinfection 492

Client care, consultation and communication 498

Reception requirements 498

Consultation 495

Contra-indications 498

Contra-actions 499

Preparing the client 501

Warm wax techniques 503

Providing a halt-leg wax service 504

Full-leg service 507

How to provide a bikini line service 507

Providing an underarm service 508

How to provide an eyebrow service 511

Aftercare and advice 512

Hot waxing 514

Equipment and materials 514

Providing hot wax service 514

Sugaring and strip sugar 518

Reception requirements 516

Tools and equipment 518

Providing a strip sugar service 518

Disposable applicator roller waxing systems 518

11. Spa 522

Unit Topic 523

Spa services 524

Genera/ effects of spa therapy services

Anatomy and physiology 526

Sauna, steam and relaxation room 526

Hydrotherapy service 527

Flotation services 528

Body wrapping 528

Spa operation 528

Sauna - dry heat service 528

Relaxation room 530

Steam - a wet heat service 531

Hydrotherapy 532

Flotation, wet and dry 533

Body wrapping 534

Hygienic, safe and effective methods of working 535

Personal protective equipment 535

Health and safety 535

Reception requirements 536

Contra-indications 536

Preparing the wort( area tor spa services 540

Tools and equipment 540

Specialist equipment 540

SteriliZation and disinfection 543

Cleaning requirements of spa service areas and

equipment 546

Preparing for spa services 548

Maintaining spa work areas 551

Water testing 551

Water testing procedure 552

Ventilation 554

Overseeing client's well-being and correct usage

of spa services 554

After the spa service 55

Contra-actions to services 559

Shutdown of spa work areas

15 Threading 564

Unit Topic 565

Benefits of threading 566

Threading thread 567

Treatment areas 567

Preparing the work area for threading services 567

Tools and equipment 566

Specialist equipment and materials 569

Sterilization and disinfection 569

Client care, consultation and communication skills 570

Reception requirements 570

Consultation 570

Contra-indications 571

Contra-actions 571

Preparing the client 571

Threading techniques 572

Eyebrow threading service 573

Facial hair threading 576

Aftercare 576

Bonus online chapters:

Skin Camouflage

Ear Piercing

Glossary 580

Index 592

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